Designing a plyometrics program for improving bone strength in young runners

Stress fractures are an incredibly frustrating injury, especially for young runners. Even though the science behind recovery from stress fractures—more properly called “bone stress injuries”—has advanced significantly in the last several years, sustaining a bone stress injury can still completely derail your season.

Of course, far better than a swift rehabilitation is simply not getting a stress fracture in the first place (or at the very least, avoiding another one). That’s what we’re concerned with today.

Thanks to advances in the fundamental science of bone injuries, we now know that a powerful lever at your disposal for increasing your resistance to bone injuries is improving your bone strength. The best way to do that? Targeted plyometric training, a.k.a. “jump training.”

This kind of high-load, high-loading-rate intervention is especially effective at improving bone strength in young runners—roughly, teens and pre-teens, with some wiggle room on either side for individual differences in puberty and growth spurts.

However, if your goal is building bone strength, you should not use a general-purpose, performance-oriented plyometrics program for runners. Plyo programs that target bone strength need markedly different components for maximum efficacy.

Below, I’ll walk you through the science behind building a plyometrics program for bone strength, including total contacts, types of jumps to include, and appropriate programming during the week.

If you just want to get the final plyo program as a printable PDF, you can download it here: 

📋 Download the bone strength plyometrics program here

Otherwise, read on to learn the science and practical programming behind this plyo routine!

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Three theories of tissue damage accumulation during running

Suppose you need to run 15 miles (24 km) in the next week. You can distribute this volume however you want, both within and across days. Your goal is to cover the requisite distance in a way that minimizes your risk of injury. Does it matter how you schedule out your week?

This is one concrete way of thinking about the question of cumulative damage in running: given that you’re going to cover some combination of distances and speeds, does the ordering affect how much tissue damage you’ll accumulate?

We’ll look at three different theories on how tissue damage accumulated during training. These aren’t exactly competing theories—more than one can be correct—but considering each framework separately helps sharpen up how you think about programming your training.

I think all three have some truth to them, though I’m still skeptical of the strongest version of each of the three (and I’ll explain why).

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The bone stress injury model: a new way to deal with stress fractures and stress reactions in runners

An MRI reveals a tibial stress fracture Traditionally, overuse injuries to the bone in distance runners are divided into two distinct categories: stress reactions and stress fractures.  Runners who develop pain along one of their bones hope desperately that they have the former and not the latter, since the usual prescription for stress fracture recovery ... Read more

Achilles tendonitis in runners: A degenerative overuse injury best treated with eccentric heel drops

Introduction Achilles tendonitis is an extremely common injury, not just in running but in many sports.  The severity of overuse injuries to the Achilles tendon can range from dull soreness that barely impacts your ability to run or play sports to chronic, debilitating pain that can last for months or years.  Fortunately, due to its ... Read more

Injury Series: Tibial stress fractures and stress reactions: The role of bone structure, impact, and calf strength

Tibial stress fractures are related to medial tibial stress syndrome, which you can read about here For an in-depth discussion of return-to-running programs after a stress fracture or stress reaction, see this article This installment of the Injury Series deals with tibial stress fractures, one of the most serious of the common running injuries.  A ... Read more

Brief Thoughts: A critical examination of "Foot Strike and Injury Rates in Endurance Runners: a retrospective study"

Two very different footstrikes captured on high-speed video This post is a bit behind the times, but I thought I'd get it out there regardless.  This post is a short analysis which takes a look at the latest research from Daniel Lieberman's lab at Harvard University.  Lieberman is, of course, famous for his paper on ... Read more

Injury Series: Uncovering the role of hip strength and mechanics in the cause and treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome

Today we are tackling the most common running injury of all: patellofemoral pain syndrome, alternatively known as runner’s knee, anterior knee pain, and (sometimes erroneously) chondromalacia or chondromalacia patellae.  As is often the case, there is some controversy about the naming.  “Patellofemoral pain syndrome” or PFPS is the broadest and most common term, but is ... Read more

Injury Series: Biomechanical solutions for iliotibial band syndrome

It's been a while since we've thoroughly reviewed an injury, so today we'll be looking at another one of the "big five" most common running injuries.  We've already seen how treatment for Achilles tendonitis has been revolutionized by specific eccentric exercises to remodel damaged tendon collagen; today's topic is iliotibial band syndrome, sometimes also referred ... Read more

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